From paternity testing to paternity tests to giant sized California paternity test, Prevalent use of paternity testing has led to questions being asked regarding the ethical nature of paternity tests. Some of these questions have been posed as a result of the 2004 Human Tissue Act.
It has never been simpler to take paternity tests, which can now be ordered online and carried out at home. Depending on whether there would be legal implications as a result of DNA testing, the person taking the test would need to have the samples identified by a medical professional; however the buccal or cheek swabs can be collected personally and sent in the post for analysis.
Although this sounds like a simple procedure, there are a significant number of issues relating to the emotional ramifications of taking suchDNA tests which experts strongly encourage those taking a paternity test to consider carefully prior to undergoing paternity testing, even urging them to seek counselling. Prior to this, the medical profession had more involvement with the taking of paternity test, but with the increased availability of such testing, it means that seeing a medical professional is no longer needed. This has raise some pertinent issues regarding the ethical use of DNA kits in the home, largely revolving around matters such as parental consent.
The Human Tissue Act of 2004 does not allow the collection of biological samples such as skin cells or saliva without the prior consent of the subject or the subject’s parent or carer. The act excludes Criminal and medical investigations, however it is apparent that without this consent, a person is not able to take DNA samples from another person for the purposes of a paternity test.
A Code of Practise has been issued by the Health Department, who set out some guidelines for paternity testing, mainly attributed to consent issues which stipulate that paternity tests are taken in the best interests of the child and all other persons involved. It is possible for a court order to override any issues regarding consent, and in many cases the court will rule in favour of the truth being proved as this is thought to be in the greater interests of the child involved.
Another issue brought about by this form of testing is the matter of privacy. It is advisable for those taking a test to ask questions regarding the labs where the tests will be carried out and where the information regarding the results is stored to protect privacy. The information produced as a result of these tests can be highly sensitive material, and it is important for subjects to have control over who sees this.
These tests are often taken for a number of reasons, including paternity suits being taken out, however since their use as home test kits, medical practitioners and experts are urging those who take them to exercise the utmost care and to take necessary precautions due to the sensitive nature of the ethical matters involved.
Friday, April 8, 2011
Lugo’s lawyers said that the paternity tests were losing credibility.
From paternity test to paternity tests to giant sized California paternity testing, Little of Paraguay leader Fernando Lugo has been seen or heard of since his diagnosis with cancer, however paternity test results have appeared which prove that he did not have a child with a woman who his suing him in a paternity suit. Lugo’s lawyers said that the paternity tests were losing credibility.
The case came as a shock to Paraguay the previous year, when the leader claimed another child was his son. Last month he was diagnosed with lymphatic cancer, and has since spent much of his time being treated for the illness in Brazil.
The alleged mother of his child, Ms Moran, claimed that her son, named as Juan Pablo, was conceived during the time she spent working for a left wing party which gave support to Fernando Lugo’s 2008 candidacy for presidency.
Ms Moran stated that she would talk with her lawyers prior to announcing her next actions regarding the paternity testing; however, Fernando Lugo’s representatives said that they wished for the paternity case to be dismissed in court.
The previous year, Lugo had asked for a paternity test to be carried out to prove he was the father of a one year old boy, the mother of whom was twenty six year old Viviana Carrillo. He said of the matter that he would take on any paternal responsibilities but refused to make any further comment regarding the paternity test, stating that he wished to defend the child’s right to privacy.
Early in 2010, Hortensia Damiana Moran dropped the paternity case against Lugo due to what she claimed was “personal reasons”, according to a judge. Lugo had agreed to undergo paternity testing, having previously consented to having had a child with Viviana Carrillo. Ms Moran’s lawyer, speaking on Nanduti radio, said that she wished to drop the claim, as she was highly stressed due to all that had taken place regarding the paternity of her child involving her wishes for Lugo to undergo paternity testing and her wishes for paternity tests to be taken.
When the case began, a judge said that if paternity tests were not carried out by the 24th August, then the son would be declared to be Mr Lugo’s child by court order.
Prior to this, in 2009 the Paraguay leader was hit with his second paternity claim, only a week after he recognized fatherhood of Viviana Carrillo’s child. At this time, however, he did not say whether or not he was the father, saying that he would act according to the judicial system and would be truthful. Two of his cabinet ministers said that they were beginning court proceedings against their boss on behalf of the woman and said they themselves would take paternity tests if Lugo did not recognise paternity.
The case came as a shock to Paraguay the previous year, when the leader claimed another child was his son. Last month he was diagnosed with lymphatic cancer, and has since spent much of his time being treated for the illness in Brazil.
The alleged mother of his child, Ms Moran, claimed that her son, named as Juan Pablo, was conceived during the time she spent working for a left wing party which gave support to Fernando Lugo’s 2008 candidacy for presidency.
Ms Moran stated that she would talk with her lawyers prior to announcing her next actions regarding the paternity testing; however, Fernando Lugo’s representatives said that they wished for the paternity case to be dismissed in court.
The previous year, Lugo had asked for a paternity test to be carried out to prove he was the father of a one year old boy, the mother of whom was twenty six year old Viviana Carrillo. He said of the matter that he would take on any paternal responsibilities but refused to make any further comment regarding the paternity test, stating that he wished to defend the child’s right to privacy.
Early in 2010, Hortensia Damiana Moran dropped the paternity case against Lugo due to what she claimed was “personal reasons”, according to a judge. Lugo had agreed to undergo paternity testing, having previously consented to having had a child with Viviana Carrillo. Ms Moran’s lawyer, speaking on Nanduti radio, said that she wished to drop the claim, as she was highly stressed due to all that had taken place regarding the paternity of her child involving her wishes for Lugo to undergo paternity testing and her wishes for paternity tests to be taken.
When the case began, a judge said that if paternity tests were not carried out by the 24th August, then the son would be declared to be Mr Lugo’s child by court order.
Prior to this, in 2009 the Paraguay leader was hit with his second paternity claim, only a week after he recognized fatherhood of Viviana Carrillo’s child. At this time, however, he did not say whether or not he was the father, saying that he would act according to the judicial system and would be truthful. Two of his cabinet ministers said that they were beginning court proceedings against their boss on behalf of the woman and said they themselves would take paternity tests if Lugo did not recognise paternity.
Numerous sports figures and actors have taken paternity tests.
From paternity test to paternity testing to giant sized California paternity tests, Footballer Cristiano Ronaldo has taken a paternity test to confirm the parentage of his son, thought to be born as the result of a brief liaison with a Los Angeles waitress. The Portuguese football player, who is one of the most expensive players in the history of football plays for Real Madrid. He has not said who the mother is, but asked for paternity testing to be carried out to confirm whether or not he was the father of the child.
The mother of the boy gave birth in early 2010, as the results of the paternity tests showed. Ronald declined to give any further comment other than to state basic details including that he was the one and only guardian of the boy. There have been rumours that the football player found a surrogate mother to carry the baby, but as it now transpires, this may not have been the case.
The baby was born on 17th June –when Real Madrid played against the Ivory Coast in the World Cup. A companion of Ronaldo’s said that Ronaldo had approached the waitress while staying in Los Angeles. When she discovered that she was pregnant, she immediately got in touch with Real Madrid manager Jose Mendes to inform him she was pregnant with Cristiano Ronaldo’s child. Ronaldo requested that a paternity test be carried out to see whether he was really the father of the child. Once the results of the paternity tests were revealed, he gave the woman a substantial amount of money (Allegedly ten million pounds) and took his son with him to Portugal.
It has been rumoured that Ronaldo’s mother, Dolores Ronaldo is acting as the main care taker of the child, who has been named Cristiano. His father claims that he will not say who the boy’s mother is until he is eighteen years old, by which point should the child wish to track down his mother, he can do so and will be assured that she is living very well with the money she was given.
Numerous sports figures and actors have taken paternity tests. Hollywood actor Mel Gibson demanded that a paternity test be taken back in June 2009, when he suspected that the child being carried by his pregnant girlfriend was not his. Later that year, fellow actor Keanu Reeves underwent paternity testing to confirm he was not the father of an alleged “secret child.” The results of the test were negative. Other celebrities who have taken the tests include golfer Tiger woods, who last year had a paternity action lawsuit filed against him by a woman who insisted that he was the father of her nine year old son, and who asked that he undergo DNA testing to prove that this was true.
The mother of the boy gave birth in early 2010, as the results of the paternity tests showed. Ronald declined to give any further comment other than to state basic details including that he was the one and only guardian of the boy. There have been rumours that the football player found a surrogate mother to carry the baby, but as it now transpires, this may not have been the case.
The baby was born on 17th June –when Real Madrid played against the Ivory Coast in the World Cup. A companion of Ronaldo’s said that Ronaldo had approached the waitress while staying in Los Angeles. When she discovered that she was pregnant, she immediately got in touch with Real Madrid manager Jose Mendes to inform him she was pregnant with Cristiano Ronaldo’s child. Ronaldo requested that a paternity test be carried out to see whether he was really the father of the child. Once the results of the paternity tests were revealed, he gave the woman a substantial amount of money (Allegedly ten million pounds) and took his son with him to Portugal.
It has been rumoured that Ronaldo’s mother, Dolores Ronaldo is acting as the main care taker of the child, who has been named Cristiano. His father claims that he will not say who the boy’s mother is until he is eighteen years old, by which point should the child wish to track down his mother, he can do so and will be assured that she is living very well with the money she was given.
Numerous sports figures and actors have taken paternity tests. Hollywood actor Mel Gibson demanded that a paternity test be taken back in June 2009, when he suspected that the child being carried by his pregnant girlfriend was not his. Later that year, fellow actor Keanu Reeves underwent paternity testing to confirm he was not the father of an alleged “secret child.” The results of the test were negative. Other celebrities who have taken the tests include golfer Tiger woods, who last year had a paternity action lawsuit filed against him by a woman who insisted that he was the father of her nine year old son, and who asked that he undergo DNA testing to prove that this was true.
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